Sous vide times have a minimum (when the food reaches temperature throughout) and a maximum (before texture degrades). The window between them is flexible — that's what makes sous vide forgiving. All temperatures are the water bath temperature, not an internal target you're checking with a thermometer. Always sear after sous vide for browning.

Beef steak

Doneness Temp Min Time Max Time Texture
Rare120°F / 49°C1 hour2.5 hoursVery soft, deep red
Medium-rare130°F / 54°C1 hour4 hoursTender, bright pink — most popular
Medium140°F / 60°C1 hour4 hoursFirm, light pink center
Medium-well150°F / 65°C1 hour4 hoursMostly grey, slight pink
Well done160°F / 71°C1 hour3 hoursFully grey, firm

Chicken

Cut Temp Min Time Max Time Notes
Breast, boneless140°F / 60°C1.5 hours4 hoursJuicy, pasteurized via time
Breast, boneless150°F / 65°C1 hour4 hoursTraditional texture
Thigh, boneless165°F / 74°C1 hour4 hoursFirm, classic texture
Thigh, boneless155°F / 68°C1.5 hours4 hoursJuicier, still safe
Thigh, bone-in165°F / 74°C2 hours5 hours

Pork

Cut Temp Min Time Max Time Notes
Tenderloin140°F / 60°C1 hour4 hoursSlightly pink, very tender
Tenderloin145°F / 63°C1 hour4 hoursJust cooked through
Pork chop (1 inch)140°F / 60°C1 hour4 hours
Pork belly170°F / 77°C8 hours16 hoursVery long cook for collagen
Pulled pork165°F / 74°C18 hours24 hoursLong cook for shredding texture

Duck

Cut Temp Min Time Max Time Notes
Duck breast130°F / 54°C1.5 hours3 hoursMedium-rare, rosy
Duck breast140°F / 60°C1.5 hours3 hoursMedium, pink center
Duck leg (confit style)155°F / 68°C12 hours36 hoursReplaces traditional confit

Fish & seafood

Food Temp Min Time Max Time Notes
Salmon110°F / 43°C40 min1 hourSilky, translucent
Salmon125°F / 52°C40 min1 hourTraditional, fully opaque
Cod, halibut130°F / 54°C30 min45 minDelicate, flakes gently
Shrimp135°F / 57°C30 min45 minTender, not rubbery
Lobster tail130°F / 54°C45 min1 hour

Eggs

Style Temp Time Notes
Onsen egg (runny yolk, set white)145°F / 63°C1 hourClassic Japanese hot spring egg
Soft poached texture140°F / 60°C1 hourVery soft white, liquid yolk
Jammy yolk155°F / 68°C1 hourSet but still soft yolk
Soft boiled equivalent167°F / 75°C13 minutesTime-sensitive — exact
Hard boiled equivalent185°F / 85°C12 minutes

Frequently asked questions

Is sous vide chicken at 140°F safe?

Yes — food safety is about temperature held over time, not just the temperature alone. Chicken held at 140°F / 60°C for 30 minutes achieves the same pasteurization as the USDA's standard of 165°F / 74°C reached instantaneously. Since sous vide holds the temperature precisely for 1.5 hours minimum, it's fully safe.

Can you overcook food in a sous vide?

Yes, but the window is much wider than with conventional cooking. Proteins cooked too long become mushy as enzymes break down muscle fibers. Delicate fish can deteriorate after 1 hour; steak after 4 to 6 hours starts losing its texture. Stay within the max time column.

Why does 2 degrees make a big difference in sous vide?

At conventional cooking temperatures, 2°F is noise. In sous vide, you're cooking precisely to the doneness temperature — so the entire piece of meat sits at exactly that temperature for the full cook time. The difference between 130°F (medium-rare) and 140°F (medium) is the difference between a pink, soft steak and a firmer, paler one.

Do you still need to sear after sous vide?

Yes. Sous vide produces no browning — the sealed environment and low temperatures mean the Maillard reaction never occurs. Sear in a very hot cast iron pan or with a torch for 60 to 90 seconds per side immediately before serving. Pat the surface completely dry first for maximum crust.